TYPOGRAPHY (#1)
Typeface Classification
Sans Serif - Sans Serif is a modernized typeface that lacks appendages featured at the end of strokes called "serifs" which are rendered in primitive typefaces. Non-serifed typefaces are usually considered to be contemporary because of their style and legibility.
The Sans Serif typeface
Serif typeface
Serifs typeface with red-colored serifs
The Slab Serif is another member of the Serif typeface family which renders serifs and strokes geometrically. This typeface was invented in the early nineteenth century and was considered to be contemporary in the days when it was first introduced.
Upper and lower case lettering and numeracy rendered in Slab Serif.
CASSANDRE KAJA POSTER DESIGN (#2)
Development
To develop this work, I used tools that were suggested to us pre-development. As a groundwork, I used an online poster designed by Polish artist, Cassandra Kaja and replicating illustrations in the poster with geometric shapes placed over the original poster. This helped me recreate my poster accurately to the original. In this case, I have remade an illustration of one of the buildings that was shown on the original poster.
This was accomplished by assembling rectangular shapes together in a three-dimensional depiction to show depth and indent in the illustration by the direction of the sunlight and the angle from which the building is illustrated. Surfaces that are exposed to light are shown in white, and surfaces that are shaded are shown in black.
The shapes were altered angularly and dimensionally with a tool called the Curvature tool. By selecting a node at the corner of a shape, I was able to change the dimensions of the shape to make the shape appear titled at a certain angle.
MICHAL BOTARY (#3)
Biography
Michal Botary is a Polish graphic designer who specializes in the development of surreal posters. Michal was born in the Polish town of Lodz in the year 1957. He spent his academic years at the Academy of Fine Arts in his hometown studying graphic design.
Artwork
Festival Castell de Peralada
This poster advertised an announcement of a musical festival being hosted in the summer of 2012. The theme of music and the summer season is depicted through a sunflower with its stem misshaped to resemble a trumpet.
The textual elements in the poster are shown parallel to the sunflower because their axial tilt matches that of the sunflower's tilt. The background is a plain space with the sunflower's shadow visible, indicating that the sunflower is levitating above a surface.
PUBLIC EVENT POSTER DESIGN (#4)
Poster Analysis
Du Spitfire au Concorde
The color scheme is comprised of blue for the background, white and red for some of the assets shown on the poster, and black for certain textual elements.
Bodies of text on the poster differ in typeface styles and some are multi-typeface, such as the uppermost text which is rendered in both italic and bold. Textual elements further down the poster are shown with compacted spacing between letters. All text on the poster is non-serifed.
Poster Development (Graphic)
This is a poster announcing an air show taking place at a fictional aviation arena. The design of this poster follows the very last concept of the concepts sketched: an illustrated airplane aligned symmetrically in line with the runway markings, with gaps between the plane's wingtips and the canvas border equal in length.
See the sketches below:
All illustrations were fashioned with shapes that were inserted with the Shape tool and were then distorted with the Curvature tool - a tool that allows dimensional distortion of objects. The shapes used were mostly rectangular and circular and were deformed to appear organic to allow the impression of life-shaped objects.
Illustrations that were mainly geometric were simple to impress because all that was necessary was to index the edges of the shapes to a degree for visual perspective. As an example, the runway which was squared, had both of its vertical edges indexed to an equal degree and had its topmost horizontal one shortened to reshape the runway identical to a trapezium. The runway markings were also edited with the same geometry applied.
If you do not quite understand, refer to the diagrams below for visual reference:
Aerial view:
As for the organically shaped illustrations, they were rendered similarly to how the runway was, with a few differences. The tree groves on either pane were illustrated with multiple cluttered circles that were equal in tonal values and were assorted to construct shapes that were more amorphous and resemblant to tree canopies.
Poster Development (Photographic)
This is a poster announcing the same public event but editorially adapted because of the inclusion of photography. This poster was developed without pre-development planning. This poster features little illustration and is predominately typographical.
A picture capturing a jet flying overhead was incorporated into the poster. This picture was taken by myself. The edges of the picture were obscured by the cloud for enhanced visuals. It was considered that the photograph is not too obscured to the point that the subject is not visible.
A cloud formation was shaped by assembling multiple deformed circles in a cluttered arrangement. The tone value for each circle was set to be identical to every circle so that the cloud appears as one object alone. The entire cloud was duplicated two times and positioned one behind the other in a sequence to allow for more dimension. The tone value for each cloud was adjusted for further effect.
A similar technique was applied to the main text. As for the fictional place name "Morford", it had its duplicate positioned along its baseline and slightly to the right. A distinctively different color was applied for sheer contrast. The same was done for "Air Show" but the coloration reverted. A partial obstruction effect was also applied to the "Morford" text to suggest that the cloud is partially enshrouding the text.
For further effect, the main text including the "Morford" and "Air Show" text was duplicated a third time and was reorientated organically for a secondary shadow effect, optimizing the graphics of the dimensional space behind the text.
Finally, for the information below, it was intended that I apply a basic, non-stylized font with no artistic or colorful visuals to ensure readability and clarity.
POSTER GENRES ANALYSIS (#5)
Music
Posters announcing musicals differ in visual styles depending on the genre of music it is advertising.
For contemporary music, flyers usually take on modern visual conventions used in the musical industry including flamboyancy and variation in text and other elements.
Since the majority of the primary and secondary colors have already been used, the choice of color for the background was limited. And so, I believe the editors applied a basic black for the background to avoid poor contrast.
This poster is predominantly worded because typography is the constant in this poster besides a few illustrations that do not serve much meaning.
Sports
Sport-themed posters are distinguishable from other posters by the minimum coloration; they do not use a diverse range of colors. The coloration sometimes comprises colors that are featured on the team's emblem, so the composition of the coloration varies from poster to poster. Textually, sporting posters render text conspicuously by significantly enlarging the text. Illustrative or photographic material is sometimes used as the focal point of the poster.
This flyer, advertising a basketball training session, is composed of a moderate amount of contemporary colors with some color bodies rendered transparently as seen by the obstruction of a photograph in the background.
As for the text, the text is enlarged significantly for clear and readable information and phrases to make sure that viewers will not be prone to misreading or misunderstanding the information presented. Typographically, all enlarged text is rendered in a typeface featuring thick strokes and serifs. Each textual body's context is differed visually by the transparency or color tone of the foreground behind it; the timings are shown behind a transparent body; the shoutouts of the coaches are listed on a non-transparent body; and the phrase is displayed behind a low-toned body. I believe this was done to add to the visual distinguishability of the context of each body of text.
All non-circular geometrical elements are paralleled and titled at an axis along with the text.
Photographic material is shown in the background capturing basketball competitors associating. The figures shown are wearing dissimilar clothing indicating that they are playing in a tournament. At the top is a silhouette of a basketball player edited in for the sake of eliminating the unoccupied space.
METHODS OF RESEARCHING (#6)
Primary Research
Primary research is a research method that involves surveying information or data without external support or reference.
Advantages
- Data is up-to-date and reliable because the information is relevant to the researcher and not sourced from external datasets or articles containing potentially dated material.
- Data is self-focused and personalized to the researcher.
- The researcher is empowered to secure his data from outside interference, authorize the reproduction and amendment of his research, and avoid competition.
- The information is comprehensive including quantitative and qualitative data.
Downsides
- Sometimes costly in time and finance.
- Data, whether solo or collaborative, may be biased.
Secondary Research
Secondary research involves conducting research based on the data or information compiled by external research studies and then citing and crediting the authors or publishers of the material.
Advantages
- Conserves time and finance because the information is extracted from pre-existing sources.
- Simple and straightforward
Downsides
- Material may be dated, underreported, or overreported (biased).
- The researcher has no authority over the material because the researcher is not identified as the original owner. The researcher may encounter unsuspected copyright infringement if the authentic owner decides to further restrict copyright rights applicable to his/her work.
PHOTOGRAPHY (#7)
Terminology
DSLR - An acronym for the Digital single-lens reflex camera model.
Aperture - An optical component of the camera that alters the amount of light exposure.
Shutter speed - The frequency at which the camera's shutter closes and captures shots.
Depth of field - The level of focus on the subject(s).
Exposure - The intensity of light exposure that is captured in a shot.
ISO - A setting that modifies the camera's sensitivity to light exposure.
Lighting Styles
Low-key
Low-key lighting is characterized by the subject's exposure to low light levels. This lighting style is usually used in cinematography to imply the character's grief or low self-esteem or to suggest imminent danger.
High-key
In contrast, high-key lighting exposes the subject to unnaturally high levels of light. In cinematography, it is usually used to imply the positivity and tranquillity of a scene.
Soft Lighting
Soft lighting emits a moderate amount of lighting and eliminates shadowed areas on the subject's face. This lighting style is commonly used by photographers to shoot takes of models.
ASPIRED EMPLOYMENT POSITIONS (#8)
Graphic Designer
A graphic designer is a position responsible for computationally producing digital products.
Graphic design encompasses a broad range of areas including website designing, logo designing, data representation, and digital illustration.
Qualifications required for hire include:
- Computational acquittance - Projects tasked are primarily computational.
- Editing - The ability to edit is evidently an important skill in the media industry.
- Creativity - Creative and abstract thinking is to a great extent, a factor in the media workplace. Much of the works produced are produced creatively without outside influence.
- Problem-solving - Ideal for working around any technical difficulties; also related to computational acquittance.
- Critical thinking - Critical thinking and attention to detail are relevant to the production of high-quality works.
Cartographer
A cartographer is an occupation concerned with surveying and manipulating geoinformation.
Competences associated with cartography:
- Skill in calculating geospatial computations - The term "geospatial" refers to the geographical dimensional space. Mathematical formulas are adopted for the purpose of these computations.
- Photogrammetry - Photogrammetry is the surveying and generation of geospatial, three-dimensional models.
- Geostatistics - As statistics is the analysis of data, geostatistics is the analysis of geodata - databases embedding geographical elements (e.g. population growth).
- Mapping - Mapping is the practice of illustrating maps with accurate measurements in scale.
- A general interest in geography - Since geography is an applied field, it is needed in cartography.
- Fundamental mathematical knowledge - Knowledge of general mathematical principles such as calculating the coordinates of a location and calculating the total area or distance between locations, is needed.
MISE-EN-SCENE (#9)
Definition
Mise-en-scene, deriving from the French, "Mise en scène", meaning, "Putting on stage", is a cinematic term used to refer to the atmospheric and contextual implications of a scene based on the setting or outlook of the character(s).
Analysis
Below are a few examples of this concept applied in filming:
In this scene extracted from the Western thriller The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, a cowboy is standing in front of the camera. The cowboy is portrayed in a rural environment with an expression of retaliation and bloodthirstiness. Rural environments are typical settings for Western-style movies. Overall, the presence of a cowboy in this shot is an obvious giveaway of the film genre and needs no further interpretation.
MEDIA (#10)
There are three key concepts in media and they are the following:
Representation - The portrayal of subjects through media, usually stereotypes.
Denotation - Denotation is the act of describing a media product by its literal appearance.
Connotation - Connotation is the act of interpreting the potential implications of a media product by its visuals.
Narrative - The narrative is defined as the context or sub-context of a media product.
Genre - A genre is a form of individualization of a media product by factors such as narrative or representation.
SOUNDS (#11)
Types of sound effects used in filming are as follows:
Diegetic - Diegetic sounds are intra-sounds that occur from internal sources in the film environment. Diegetic sounds are audible to both the characters and the viewers because they are actively captured during filming.
Non-diegetic - Non-diegetic sounds are external sound effects that occur outside the film environment and are therefore only audible to viewers. Non-diegetic sound effects are synchronized with the film after filming.
Trans-diegetic - Trans-diegetic sounds are sound effects that breach the barrier between diegetic and non-diegetic classification. Trans-diegetic sounds are basically audible to both the characters and viewers but are usually suspected to be non-diegetic initially - audible to the viewers and inaudible to the characters.
Creative Exceptions - Creative exceptions are sound effects that are outliers from the classification of sound effects. They do not fall under any specific category and are uniquely distinct from the nature of all other categories. It may be difficult to classify these sound effects because they are not in keeping with the principles of audio in filming.
Film Extracts
The Shining
Diegetic sounds
Knocking (0:36) Jack knocks on the door unable to open it because Wendy locked herself inside. He knocks on the door and the knocking is heard by Wendy as she desperately tries to climb out the window. The knocking can also be heard by the viewer.
Non-diegetic sounds
Tense music (0:00-2:10) Tense music plays throughout the entire scene and is audible only to the viewer; the characters cannot hear the music.
Jurassic Park
Diegetic sounds
Stomping (0:05) Stomps can be heard as a tyrannosaurus rex approaches the park rangers, with each stomp getting louder as the T-rex approaches. This can be heard by the viewers and the characters. Initially, it is an offscreen noise because the source of the noise cannot be seen, with even one of the park rangers misjudging the noise to be the power recommissioning.
There are no non-diegetic sounds.
ANALYSIS OF A TITLE SEQUENCE
The Last of Us
This title sequence renders ultra-realistic graphics and motioned growth projecting fungi evolving and mutating.
The imagery is wholly animated and graphical. There is nothing that is photographic or hand-drawn.
The animation is three-dimensional and computer-generated. The animation lacks attributes of two-dimensional animation such as sequenced photographs of drawings or the absence of dimensional perspective.
The title sequence features sparse text, with that text rendered in a typeface featuring bolded glyphs and a lack of serifs. The text in the introduction is primarily typographical. The only exception is the title card which takes shape by the fungi at the end: the lettering is three-dimensional and organic, appearing as though it is a part of its surroundings and made of a fungal material.
Atmospherically, the introduction establishes an apocalyptic and infested environment because of the mild level of light and the organic and seamless movement of the fungal pathways which naturally radiate a hint of a biohazardous parasite that will be a great influence in the movie's plot and against the characters.
The parasite projected in this introduction is a fictionalization of Cordyceps - a parasitic fungus that is highly lethal to insects. The Last of Us suggests that Cordyceps has evolved to infect humans and therefore pose a serious threat to humanity, consequently igniting a worldwide pandemic.
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